Framing effect: what actually happened.

Framing effect is a cognitive bias where people's decisions change depending on how options or statements are framed, even when they are logically identical.

Framing effect is a cognitive bias where people's decisions change depending on how options or statements are framed, even when they are logically identical. Studies show that when both choices are framed positively as gains, the majority of people prefer a certain gain over a probable gain. On the other hand, when both choices are framed negatively as losses, people tend to choose an uncertain loss over an inevitable loss. Though the choices across the positive and negative framing conditions are logically equivalent, people in different conditions make different decisions. Gain and loss are defined within the scenario as outcomes, for example, lives lost or saved, patients treated or not treated, monetary gains or losses.